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The research desk · dated, sourced, repeating

Research on tribal lending

The index says what the market looks like; the desk explains how it got that way and keeps the running records: every major enforcement action since Western Sky, what indexed lenders actually charge this quarter, and how one tribe’s holding company ships a dozen brands. Every piece carries its date and its sources.

The series below are built to be re-run rather than written once. Some repeat on a schedule — the quarterly APR pulls — and others grow a new entry when the record moves: a ruling lands, a consent order is finalized, a state regulator speaks. Dates do the work here that confidence does elsewhere: an older piece stays useful because the stamp on it says exactly how old it is, and a newer piece has to earn its place with a changed date and a changed fact.

The running series

Review runs across desks: a records-desk piece gets a legal read before it ships, a legal piece gets a sourcing read, and both names appear where the piece is bylined. Corrections follow the same rule as the index — re-verify against the primary source, then restamp — and the piece’s updated date moves with the fix.

APR Monitor: What 24 Tribal Lenders Publish (Nov 2026)

A November 2026 sweep of what 24 tribal lenders publish about rates: the APRs on the table, the fee-only holdouts, and how to convert a fee to an APR.

Tribal Lending Enforcement 2011–2026: Cases and Costs

A dated docket of tribal lending enforcement from 2011 to 2026: every major case, the money at stake, and what each ruling changed for borrowers.

Tribal Sovereign Immunity After W6LS: What Courts Decide

What sovereign immunity means for tribal-loan borrowers after W6LS: the tests courts apply, the arbitration trap, and where a complaint can still travel.

The Brand Factory: One Tribe, Twenty Lender Brands

How one tribe can ship twenty lender brands: the portfolio playbook behind Lac du Flambeau, Wakpamni Lake and Upper Lake, and why it buckled in court.

2,277 Payday Complaints in 2025: The Tribal Share

An analysis of 2,277 payday complaints filed with the CFPB in 2025: the 424 naming tribal lenders, the unrecognized-debt spike, and what retreat shifts.

The Cost Ladder: Tribal APRs vs the 36% World

Worked math on a $500 tribal loan at 36, 250, 490 and 780 percent APR: payment, total of payments and finance charge, set against the 36 percent world.

Tribal Lending by State in 2026: The Honest Map

A state-by-state read of tribal lending in 2026: why no state bans borrowers, where licensed caps bite, and how our index tags serving and excluded states.

Where our numbers come from

Research pieces are editorial records of public documents: court dockets, CFPB and FTC orders, state AG announcements, and the lenders’ own published terms. They are not legal advice, and enforcement outcomes change — check the primary source before relying on any single case’s current status.

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